Script with CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY - Native Segwit P2WSH

To follow along this tutorial

Clone the Github repository
cd code
npm install or yarn install
Execute the transaction code by typing node tx_filename.js
Alternatively you can enter the commands step-by-step by cd into ./code then type node in a terminal to open the Node.js REPL
Open the Bitcoin Core GUI console or use bitcoin-cli for the Bitcoin Core commands
Use bx aka Libbitcoin-explorer as a handy complement

Let’s create a native Segwit P2WSH transaction with a script that contains the OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY absolute timelock opcode.

Learn more:

Either alice_1 can redeem the funds after the timelock has expired, or bob_1 and alice_1 can redeem the funds at any time. We will set the timelock 6 hours in the past. In real life it should be set in the future, but we don’t want to wait for the timelock to expire in order to complete the tutorial.

The generatetoaddress command, which produce blocks on demand on regtest, will not move forward the mediantime. It sets the mediantime to the current local time of your computer.

function cltvCheckSigOutput (aQ, bQ, lockTime) {
  return bitcoin.script.compile([
    bitcoin.opcodes.OP_IF,
    bitcoin.script.number.encode(lockTime),
    bitcoin.opcodes.OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY,
    bitcoin.opcodes.OP_DROP,

    bitcoin.opcodes.OP_ELSE,
    bQ.publicKey,
    bitcoin.opcodes.OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY,
    bitcoin.opcodes.OP_ENDIF,

    aQ.publicKey,
    bitcoin.opcodes.OP_CHECKSIG
  ])
}

Creating and Funding the P2WSH

Import libraries, test wallets and set the network and sighash type.

const bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib')
const { alice, bob } = require('./wallets.json')
const network = bitcoin.networks.regtest
const hashType = bitcoin.Transaction.SIGHASH_ALL

We also need an additional library to help us with BIP65 absolute timelock encoding.

const bip65 = require('bip65')

Alice_1 and bob_1 are the signers.

const keyPairAlice1 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(alice[1].wif, network)
const keyPairBob1 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(bob[1].wif, network)

In both scenarios alice_1 P2WPKH address will get back the funds.

const p2wpkhAlice1 = bitcoin.payments.p2wpkh({pubkey: keyPairAlice1.publicKey, network})
console.log('P2WPKH address')
console.log(p2wpkhAlice1.address)

Encode the lockTime value according to BIP65 specification (now - 6 hours).

const lockTime = bip65.encode({utc: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - (3600 * 6)}) (1)
console.log('Timelock in UNIX timestamp:')
console.log(lockTime)

1	Method argument is a UNIX timestamp.

Generate the witness script with CLTV.

const witnessScript = cltvCheckSigOutput(keyPairAlice1, keyPairBob1, lockTime)
console.log('Witness script:')
console.log(witnessScript.toString('hex'))

In a P2WSH context, a redeem script is called a witness script. If you do it multiple times you will notice that the hex script is never the same, this is because of the changing timestamp.

You can decode the script in Bitcoin Core CLI with decodescript.

Generate the P2WSH and get the address.

const p2wsh = bitcoin.payments.p2wsh({redeem: {output: witnessScript, network}, network})
console.log('P2WSH address:')
console.log(p2wsh.address)

If you do it multiple times you will notice that the P2WSH address is never the same, this is because of the changing witness script.

Send 1 BTC to this P2WSH address.

sendtoaddress P2WSH_ADDR 1

Get the output index so that we have the outpoint (txid / vout).

getrawtransaction TX_ID true

The output script of our funding transaction is a versioned witness program. It is composed as follow: <00 version byte> + <32-byte hash witness program>.
The SHA256 hash of the witness script (in the witness of the spending tx) must match the 32-byte witness program (in prevTxOut).

console.log(bitcoin.crypto.sha256(witnessScript).toString('hex'))

bx sha256 WITNESS_SCRIPT

Preparing the spending transaction

Now let’s prepare the spending transaction by setting input and output, and the nLockTime value.

Create a BitcoinJS transaction builder object.

const txb = new bitcoin.TransactionBuilder(network)

We need to set the transaction-level locktime in our redeem transaction in order to spend a CLTV. You can use the same value as in the witnessScript.

Because CLTV actually uses nLocktime enforcement consensus rules the time is checked indirectly by comparing redeem transaction nLocktime with the CLTV value. nLocktime must be <= present time and >= CLTV timelock

txb.setLockTime(lockTime)

Create the input by referencing the outpoint of our P2WSH funding transaction.

// txb.addInput(prevTx, prevOut, sequence, prevTxScript)
txb.addInput('TX_ID', TX_VOUT, 0xfffffffe) (1)

1	The input-level nSequence value needs to be change to `0xfffffffe`, which means that nSequence is disabled, nLocktime is enabled and RBF is not signaled.

Alice_1 will redeem the fund to her P2WPKH address, leaving 100 000 satoshis for the mining fees.

txb.addOutput(p2wpkhAlice1.address, 999e5)

Prepare the transaction.

const tx = txb.buildIncomplete()

Adding the witness stack

Now we can update the transaction with the witness stack (txinwitness field), providing a solution to the locking script.

We generate the hash that will be used to produce the signatures.

// hashForWitnessV0(inIndex, prevOutScript, value, hashType)
const signatureHash = tx.hashForWitnessV0(0, witnessScript, 1e8, hashType) (1)

1	Note that we use a special method `hashForWitnessV0` for Segwit transactions.

There are two ways to redeem the funds, either alice_1 after the timelock expiry or alice_1 and bob_1 at any time. We control which branch of the script we want to run by ending our unlocking script with a boolean value.

First branch: {Alice’s signature} OP_TRUE

const witnessStackFirstBranch = bitcoin.payments.p2wsh({
  redeem: {
    input: bitcoin.script.compile([
      bitcoin.script.signature.encode(keyPairAlice1.sign(signatureHash), hashType),
      bitcoin.opcodes.OP_TRUE,
    ]),
    output: witnessScript
  }
}).witness

console.log('First branch witness stack:')
console.log(witnessStackFirstBranch.map(x => x.toString('hex')))

Second branch: {Alice’s signature} {Bob’s signature} OP_FALSE

const witnessStackSecondBranch = bitcoin.payments.p2wsh({
  redeem: {
    input: bitcoin.script.compile([
      bitcoin.script.signature.encode(keyPairAlice1.sign(signatureHash), hashType),
      bitcoin.script.signature.encode(keyPairBob1.sign(signatureHash), hashType),
      bitcoin.opcodes.OP_FALSE
    ]),
    output: witnessScript
  }
}).witness

console.log('Second branch witness stack:')
console.log(witnessStackSecondBranch.map(x => x.toString('hex')))

We provide the witness stack that BitcoinJS prepared for us.

tx.setWitness(0, witnessStackFirstBranch)
//tx.setWitness(0, witnessStackSecondBranch)

No build step here as we have already called buildIncomplete

Get the raw hex serialization.

console.log('Transaction hexadecimal:')
console.log(tx.toHex())

Inspect the raw transaction with Bitcoin Core CLI, check that everything is correct.

decoderawtransaction TX_HEX

Broadcasting the transaction

If you are spending the P2WSH as alice_1 + timelock after expiry, you must have the node’s mediantime to be higher than the timelock value.

mediantime is the median timestamp of the previous 11 blocks. Check out BIP113 for more information.

Check the current mediantime

getblockchaininfo

You need to generate some blocks in order to have the node’s mediantime synchronized with your computer local time.

It is not possible to give you an exact number. 20 should be enough. Dave_1 is our miner.

generatetoaddress 20 bcrt1qnqud2pjfpkqrnfzxy4kp5g98r8v886wgvs9e7r

It’s now time to broadcast the transaction via Bitcoin Core CLI.

sendrawtransaction TX_HEX

Inspect the transaction.

getrawtransaction TX_ID true

Observations

For both scenarios we note that our scriptSig is empty.

For the first scenario, we note that our witness stack contains:

Alice_1 signature
1, which is equivalent to OP_TRUE
The witness script, that we can decode with decodescript

For the second scenario, we note that our witness stack contains:

Alice_1 signature
Bob_1 signature
An empty string, which is equivalent to OP_FALSE
The witness script, that we can decode with decodescript

The SHA256 hash of the witness script (in the witness of the spending tx) matches the 32-byte witness program (in prevTxOut).

« Script with CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY - Legacy P2SH Script with CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY - Legacy P2SH »