Multi-signature Legacy 2 of 4

To follow along this tutorial

Clone the Github repository
cd code
npm install or yarn install
Execute the transaction code by typing node tx_filename.js
Alternatively you can enter the commands step-by-step by cd into ./code then type node in a terminal to open the Node.js REPL
Open the Bitcoin Core GUI console or use bitcoin-cli for the Bitcoin Core commands
Use bx aka Libbitcoin-explorer as a handy complement

Let’s create, fund and spend a 2 of 4 multi-signature with a legacy P2SH transaction.

Creating and Funding the P2SH

Import libraries, test wallets and set the network

const bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib')
const {alice, bob, carol, dave} = require('./wallets.json')
const network = bitcoin.networks.regtest

Create the redeem script with the special p2ms payment method.

const p2ms = bitcoin.payments.p2ms({
   m: 2, pubkeys: [
    Buffer.from(alice[1].pubKey, 'hex'),
    Buffer.from(bob[1].pubKey, 'hex'),
    Buffer.from(carol[1].pubKey, 'hex'),
    Buffer.from(dave[1].pubKey, 'hex'),
  ], network})

console.log('Redeem script:')
console.log(p2ms.output.toString('hex'))

Check the redeem script.

decodescript SCRIPT

The asm field should contain:

02 03745c9aceb84dcdeddf2c3cdc1edb0b0b5af2f9bf85612d73fa6394758eaee35d 027efbabf425077cdbceb73f6681c7ebe2ade74a65ea57ebcf0c42364d3822c590
023a11cfcedb993ff2e7523f92e359c4454072a66d42e8b74b4b27a8a1258abddd 02e9d617f38f8c3ab9a6bde36ce991bafb295d7adba457699f8620c8160ec9e87a 04
OP_CHECKMULTISIG

Feed the p2sh method with the BitcoinJS p2ms object. The p2sh method generates an object that contains the P2SH address.

const p2sh = bitcoin.payments.p2sh({redeem: p2ms, network})
console.log('P2SH address')
console.log(p2sh.address)

Send 1 BTC to this P2SH address.

sendtoaddress 2NAjnUkVxAv34bnfpC1edhW5qstF2QHSUk5 1

Get the output index so that we have the outpoint (txid / vout).

gettransaction TX_ID

Find the output index (or vout) under vout.

Preparing the spending transaction

Let’s now prepare the spending transaction by setting input and output and having two people (private keys) to sign the transaction. In this tutorial, alice_1 and bob_1 will redeem the P2SH multi-signature and send the funds to alice_2 P2WPKH address.

Create the PSBT by filling TX_ID, TX_OUT and TX_HEX.

const psbt = new bitcoin.Psbt({network})
  .addInput({
    hash: 'TX_ID',
    index: TX_VOUT,
    redeemScript: p2sh.redeem.output,
    nonWitnessUtxo:  Buffer.from('TX_HEX', 'hex')
  }) (1)
  .addOutput({
    address: alice[2].p2wpkh,
    value: 999e5,
  }) (2)

1	Input referencing the outpoint of our P2SH UTXO.
2	Output locking the funds to alice_2 P2WPKH address, leaving 100 000 satoshis as mining fees

Prepare signers Alice_1 and Bob_1 keypairs.

const keyPairAlice1 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(alice[1].wif, network)
const keyPairBob1 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(bob[1].wif, network)

Alice_1 and bob_1 now sign the same input.

psbt
  .signInput(0, keyPairAlice1)
  .signInput(0, keyPairBob1)

Finalize the PSBT.

psbt.validateSignaturesOfInput(0, Buffer.from(alice[1].pubKey, 'hex'))
psbt.validateSignaturesOfInput(0, Buffer.from(bob[1].pubKey, 'hex'))

psbt.finalizeAllInputs()

Extract the transaction and get the raw hex serialization.

console.log('Transaction hexadecimal:')
console.log(psbt.extractTransaction().toHex())

Inspect the raw transaction with Bitcoin Core CLI, check that everything is correct.

decoderawtransaction TX_HEX

Broadcasting the transaction

It’s time to broadcast the transaction via Bitcoin Core CLI.

sendrawtransaction TX_HEX

Inspect the transaction.

getrawtransaction TX_ID true

Observations

We can see that the unlocking script contains

At the very beginning a useless but mandatory 00 value (due to a bug in OP_CHECKMULTISIG)
Alice_1 and bob_1 signatures
The redeem script

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